What is the correct method for documenting intake and output?

• A. Document at appropriate times; record all fluids consumed and expelled; calculate totals; note when totals vary significantly.
• B. Record all fluids consumed and expelled; calculate totals; note when totals vary significantly; document at appropriate times.
• C. Record all fluids consumed and expelled; calculate totals; document at appropriate times; note when totals vary significantly.
• D. Record only fluids consumed; calculate totals; note when totals vary significantly; document at appropriate times.

Answer: (B)

Accurate intake and output records require capturing both sides of the balance—what the patient takes in and what they lose. You should record every fluid the patient consumes and every fluid expelled, such as urine, vomit, wound drainage, diarrhea, or other losses. After gathering these observations, calculate the totals for intake and for output so you can see the overall fluid balance and monitor for issues. You also note when totals vary significantly from expected values or from each other, because large discrepancies can signal dehydration, overhydration, or occult losses and need clinical attention. Finally, document at the appropriate times to keep the chart timely and complete for the care team. This combination of recording everything, calculating totals, noting significant variances, and charting promptly makes the method the most reliable and useful for monitoring a patient’s fluid status.